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- $Unique_ID{BRK03614}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Coffin-Siris Syndrome}
- $Subject{Coffin-Siris Syndrome Mental Retardation with Hypoplastic 5th
- Fingernails and Toenails Dwarfism-Onychodysplasia}
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1986, 1990 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.
-
- 177:
- Coffin-Siris Syndrome
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible the main title of the article (Coffin-Siris Syndrome) is
- not the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYMS listing to find the
- alternate names and disorder subdivisions covered by this article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- Mental Retardation with Hypoplastic 5th Fingernails and Toenails
- Dwarfism-Onychodysplasia
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section of this report.
-
-
- Coffin-Siris Syndrome, a disorder of unknown cause, is present from birth
- and affects both sexes equally. It is chiefly characterized by feeding
- problems, frequent respiratory infections, and growth deficiencies.
-
- Symptoms
-
- Feeding problems, vomiting, and recurrent respiratory infections are the
- first manifestations of Coffin-Siris Syndrome. Mental deficiency and mild to
- severe hypertonia (excessive tension or activity) also occurs. Clinical
- signs include short stature and a coarse looking face with bushy eyebrows,
- low nasal bridge, wide nose and/or mouth and thick lips. The 5th fingernails
- and toenails may be incompletely developed (hypoplastic) or absent. Scalp
- hair is possibly sparse. There may also be hypertrichosis (excessive hair
- growth ) and joints may be lax (dislocated elbows are common). Retardation
- in linear height as well as in dental, motor, and mental development may also
- occur.
-
- Occasionally, patients develop variable skin, skeletal, genital, cardiac
- defects and Dandy-Walker Syndrome.
-
- Causes
-
- The precise cause of Coffin-Siris Syndrome is unknown at this time. The
- disorder appears sporadically. It may possibly be inherited as an autosomal
- recessive trait. (Human traits including the classic genetic diseases, are
- the product of the interaction of two genes for that condition, one received
- from the father and one from the mother. In recessive disorders, the
- condition does not appear unless a person inherits the same defective gene
- from each parent. If one receives one normal gene and one gene for the
- disease, the person will be a carrier for the disease, but usually will show
- no symptoms. The risk of transmitting the disease to the children of a
- couple, both of whom are carriers for a recessive disorder, is twenty-five
- percent. Fifty percent of their children will be carriers, but healthy as
- described above. Twenty-five percent of their children will receive both
- normal genes, one from each parent and will be genetically normal.)
-
- Related Disorders
-
- Patients with Coffin-Siris Syndrome may also have Dandy-Walker Syndrome.
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Treatment of Coffin-Siris Syndrome is symptomatic and supportive.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
- January 1990. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep
- every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate.
- Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most
- current information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Coffin-Siris Syndrome, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- NIH/National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
- 9000 Rockville Pike
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 496-5133
-
- Short Stature Foundation
- 17200 Jamboree Rd., Suite J
- Irvine, CA 92714-5828
- (714) 474-4554
- 800-24 DWARF
-
- The Magic Foundation
- 1327 N. Harlem Ave.
- Oak Park, IL 60302
- (708) 383-0808
-
- Human Growth Foundation (HGF)
- 7777 Leesburg Pike
- P.O. Box 3090
- Falls Church, VA 22043
- (703) 883-1773
- (800) 451-6434
-
- References
-
- SMITH'S RECOGNIZABLE PATTERNS OF HUMAN MALFORMATION, 4th ed., Kenneth L.
- Jones, M.D., W.B. Saunders, Co. 1988. Pp. 522-3.
-
- MENDELIAN INHERITANCE IN MAN, 8th ed.: Victor A. McKusick; Johns Hopkins
- University Press, 1986. Pp. 258-9.
-
-